Mubice nko gutanga imiyoboro, kubaka ubwubatsi, gushushanya imbere, no gutwara amazi ya chimique, imiyoboro idafite ibyuma, hamwe nibyiza byo kurwanya ruswa, imbaraga nyinshi, ubuzima bumara igihe kirekire, no kugaragara neza, byabaye bumwe muburyo bukoreshwa cyane. Abakozi benshi bagura, injeniyeri, nabatanga ibicuruzwa akenshi usanga bayobewe nubwoko butandukanye bwibyuma bitagira umwanda muguhitamo ibikoresho: 201, 304, 316L, 430… Ni irihe tandukaniro nyaryo riri hagati yaya manota atandukanye? Nigute umuntu agomba guhitamo ashingiye kumikoreshereze? Uyu munsi, tuzasubiramo byimazeyo ibikoresho byingenzi byuma bidafite umuyonga ku isoko, dusobanure ibiranga, itandukaniro, hamwe nuburyo bukwiye bwa buri bwoko, kandi dufashe buri wese kwirinda amakosa yo guhitamo ibintu. Inzira nyamukuru yimyanda idafite ibyuma kumasoko igabanijwemo ibyiciro bine: urukurikirane 200, urukurikirane 300, urukurikirane 400, hamwe nicyuma cya duplex. Urukurikirane rutandukanye rutandukanye cyane mubijyanye nibyuma, kurwanya ruswa, magnetisme, hejuru - kurwanya ubushyuhe, imikorere yo gutunganya, nigiciro, nabyo bikaba ingingo ngenderwaho yo gutandukanya amanota.
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Ibikoresho bihagarariye: 201, 202
Urukurikirane 200 ni urwa austenitike idafite ibyuma. Kugabanya ibiciro, manganese ikoreshwa mugusimbuza igice cya nikel, kugeza ubu ikaba umuyoboro wicyuma uhendutse cyane ku isoko.Nyuma yo gutunganya ubukonje, ubu bwoko bwumuyoboro bugaragaza magnetism nkeya. Kurwanya ingese yibanze ni impuzandengo kandi irakwiriye gusa kuma, itari - yangirika murugo. Imiyoboro isanzwe yo mu nzu, imiyoboro yo mu nzu, imitako isanzwe yo mu nzu, hamwe n'imiyoboro yoroshye y'agateganyo ahanini ikoresha imiyoboro 201 idafite ibyuma.
Inenge zayo ziragaragara cyane: kutarwanya imiti yumunyu na acide na alkalis. Niba usize hanze, mu turere two ku nkombe, cyangwa mu nganda zitose igihe kirekire, biroroshye cyane kubora no guteza imbere ubuso. Kubwibyo, ntabwo byemewe rwose gutanga amazi no kuvoma, imiti, ubwubatsi bwo hanze, cyangwa imishinga yinyanja. Niba umuntu ahisemo buhumyi 201 aho kuba - ibikoresho byanyuma kugirango akurikirane igiciro gito, ibiciro byo kubungabunga no gusimbuza biziyongera cyane.
2. 300 Urukurikirane rw'imiyoboro idafite ibyuma: Imikorere myiza muri rusange, Isoko rusange
Urukurikirane 300 nabwo ni austenitike idafite ibyuma kandi kuri ubu ni urukurikirane rukoreshwa cyane kandi ruzwi cyane. Ntabwo ari - magnetique, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa irwanya ruswa, gukomera, hamwe no gusudira, kandi amanota yihariye yibasiwe cyane.
1. 304 Umuyoboro w'icyuma (Ibipimo rusange)
Nibiryo bya kera cyane - urwego rwicyuma kitagira umwanda mubitekerezo rusange, hamwe na chromium hamwe na nikel igereranijwe neza, neza - byuzuye mubikorwa rusange, kurwanya cyane kwangirika kwamazi meza, hamwe no kurwanya okiside idasanzwe mubushyuhe busanzwe. Nibyoroshye cyane gutunganya, kugoreka, no gusudira.
Hamwe n'ibiranga umutekano, bitari - uburozi, kandi biramba, imiyoboro 304 idafite ibyuma bitagira umwanda bikubiyemo igice kinini cy’ibikorwa bya gisivili n’inganda rusange: imiyoboro y’amazi yo kunywa, imiyoboro y’ibikoresho bitunganya ibiryo, imiyoboro y’amazi ya komine n’amazi meza, imitako yububiko, imiyoboro isanzwe y’imashini, n'ibindi.
2. 304 L Umuyoboro wicyuma (Carbone Ntoya Yongerewe verisiyo)
Ukurikije 304, karubone iragabanuka. Inyungu yibanze yibanze ni imbaraga zo gusudira, bigatuma idakunda kwangirika hagati yimitsi nyuma yo gusudira, kandi gusudira ntabwo byoroshye gucika cyangwa kubora.
Irakwiriye kumishinga minini yo kuvoma, kuvoma ibigega byamazi, hamwe nu miyoboro ndende - isaba intera nini yo gusudira ikibanza -, bigatuma ihitamo guhitamo inganda zo gusudira.
3. 316 na 316L Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma (Ruswa nyinshi - Imirongo irwanya)
Ibyo bikoresho byombi birimo molybdenum yongeyeho, iryo ni ryo tandukaniro nyamukuru ugereranije na 304. Molybdenum yongerera cyane imiyoboro irwanya chloride ion, spray yumunyu, na aside - kwangirika kw’ibanze, bigatuma irwanya ruswa iruta kure 304, kandi igiciro kiri hejuru yacyo.
Muri byo, 316L ni verisiyo yo hasi - ya karubone, itanga ituze ryiza nyuma yo gusudira. Ubu bwoko bw'imiyoboro ikwiranye cyane cyane ku nkombe z'inyanja, ubwubatsi bwo mu nyanja, ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja, imiti, imiti myiza, gutunganya amazi mabi, hamwe n’ibindi byangiza cyane, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by’ubuvuzi hamwe n’ibikoresho by’isuku birenga -. Mubihe birimo umunyu cyangwa chlorine, aho 304 idashobora gukoreshwa, muri rusange 316L niyo ihitamo.
4. 321 Umuyoboro wibyuma (Byashizweho byumwihariko kubushyuhe bwo hejuru)
Ibintu bya Titanium byongewe kubikoresho, cyane cyane kugirango bihamye imiterere yicyuma. Irashobora kugumya gukora neza murwego rwo hejuru - ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwa dogere 450 kugeza kuri dogere 850, hamwe no kurwanya cyane - ubushyuhe bwa okiside hamwe na ruswa.
Ntabwo ikomeye cyane muburyo bwo kurwanya aside na alkali, ariko yibanda cyane ku kurwanya ubushyuhe -, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro itekesha, guhanahana ubushyuhe, no mu nganda zo hejuru - imiyoboro itanga ubushyuhe bwa gazi, hamwe n’ubundi buryo bukoreshwa cyane -.
3.400 Urukurikirane rw'imiyoboro idafite ibyuma: Ferritic / Martensitis, Mubisanzwe Magnetique
Bitandukanye na - rukuruzi 300, ibyuma 400 bitagira ibyuma bidafite imbaraga ni magnetique rwose, nta nikel, bifite igiciro gito, kandi bigabanijwemo ibyerekezo bibiri byingenzi bikoreshwa bishingiye kumikorere.
1. 430 Umuyoboro wibyuma (Bikunzwe gushushanya no gukoresha buri munsi)
Ni iy'icyuma cya ferritic idafite ibyuma, ifite ingaruka nziza yo gusya hejuru, irwanya ingese iringaniye, kandi igiciro - cyiza. Kurwanya kwangirika kwayo ntigabanutse kurenza 304 ariko kurenza 201. Bikunze gukoreshwa mubikoresho byo mu gikoni, ibikoresho by ibikoresho, imiyoboro isanzwe yo gushushanya, nibikoresho bikoreshwa na ruswa ya nitric yoroheje. Birakwiye kuri ssenariyo aho imbaraga zidasanzwe zidasabwa, wibanda kumiterere no kwirinda ingese.
2. 409, 410, 420 Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma (Ubushyuhe - irwanya, High - Imbaraga)
409 yibanda cyane ku kurwanya ubushyuhe kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro isohora ibinyabiziga no mu nganda nkeya - imiyoboro ya gazi y’ubushyuhe; 410 na 420 ni ibyuma bya martensitike bitagira ibyuma birimo karubone nyinshi, bishobora kongera ubukana n'imbaraga binyuze mu kuvura ubushyuhe, ariko birwanya ruswa. Ubu bwoko bw'imiyoboro ntabwo bukoreshwa mu kurwanya imiyoboro ya - kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora indangagaciro, ibiti, ibice bya mashini, ibyuma, nibindi bikoresho bisaba gukomera no kwambara birwanya.
5. Kumenyekanisha Byihuse Kumenyekanisha no Kugura Incamake
Duteranije hamwe ibyavuzwe haruguru, turategura logique yo kugura muburyo bworoshye kugirango dufashe buriwese guhuza ibyo akeneye byihuse:
1.Imari ntarengwa, ibidukikije byumye mu nzu:hitamo 201, gusa kumitako nuburyo bworoshye, ntabwo uhuye namazi cyangwa itangazamakuru ryangirika;
Ibintu rusange, amazi yo kunywa, ibiryo, ubwubatsi busanzwe, ibidukikije bisanzwe murugo no hanze: guhitamo mbere 304, kuko bitanga igiciro cyuzuye - imikorere nibikorwa;
2.Imishinga itwara imiyoboro hamwe no gusudira cyane:shyira imbere 304L;
3.High - ibidukikije byangirika nkibice byinyanja, inyanja, amazi yinyanja, imiti, imiti:jya kuri 316 / 316L;
4.Uburebure - imiyoboro yubushyuhe, amashyiga, ibikoresho byo guhana ubushyuhe:koresha 321;
5.Ibikoresho byo munzu, imitako isanzwe, irwanya ruswa yoroheje:hitamo 430;
6.Ibice bya mashini, hejuru - ubushyuhe bwuzuye, hejuru - ibice bikomeye:koresha 409, 410, 420.
Mu kugura imiyoboro idafite ibyuma, nta bikoresho byiza rwose, gusa nibikoresho bibereye. Abaguzi benshi bagwa mu mutego wo 'kwibanda ku giciro gusa,' bagasimbuza imiyoboro yo hejuru - hamwe n’ibikoresho byo hasi -, amaherezo biganisha ku bibazo nk’ingese, kumeneka, no kongera gukora umushinga. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yibikoresho, no gusuzuma ibintu nkibidukikije bikoreshwa, imiterere ya ruswa, ibisabwa nubushyuhe, hamwe ningengo yimari, niyo nzira yonyine yo guhitamo igihe kirekire, guhura - kubuntu, hamwe nigiciro - imiyoboro ikora ibyuma idafite ingese, kugabanya ingendo no gutanga amasoko.
