Alkylphenol nitsinda ryibintu kama kimaze kubona - ikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye. Nkumuntu utanga dodecylphenol, nagize amahirwe yo kwiga neza imiterere yayo no kuyigereranya nizindi alkylphenol. Muri iyi blog, nzareba isano iri hagati ya dodecylphenol nizindi alkylphenol.
Imiterere yimiti
Alkylphenol, harimo na dodecylphenol, isangiye imiterere shingiro yimiti. Zigizwe nimpeta ya fenol, ni impeta ya benzene hamwe nitsinda rya hydroxyl (- OH). Ikitandukanya alkylphenol nindi ni itsinda rya alkyl rifatanije nimpeta ya fenol. Kuri dodecylphenol, itsinda rya alkyl ni urunigi rwa dodecyl, rurimo atome cumi na zibiri za karubone. Izindi alkylphenol zirashobora kugira iminyururu ngufi cyangwa ndende ya alkyl, nka octylphenol (hamwe na octyl urunigi rwa atome ya karubone umunani) cyangwa nonylfenol (hamwe numuyoboro utari muto wa atome icyenda ya karubone).
Kuba impeta ya fenol muri alkylpenol yose ibaha ibintu bimwe na bimwe biranga imiti. Itsinda rya hydroxyl kumpeta ya fenol irashobora kwitabira guhuza hydrogen. Iyi hydrogène - ubushobozi bwo guhuza bugira ingaruka kubishobora gukemuka mumashanyarazi ya polar hamwe nubusabane bwabo nizindi molekile. Kurugero, alkylphenol irashobora gukora hydrogène ihuza na molekile zamazi kurwego runaka, ibyo bikagira uruhare mukubura kwayo mumazi. Alkylphenol yose, harimo na dodecylphenol, yerekana ko ikunda gushonga neza mumashanyarazi kama nka alcool na ethers ugereranije n’amazi, bitewe n’imiterere ya - ya polarike yumunyururu wa alkyl hamwe na hydrogène idakomeye ugereranije -.
Ibyiza byumubiri
Gukemura
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, imyitwarire yo kwikuramo dodecylphenol isa nizindi alkylphenol. Bose bafite ihuriro rya polar (itsinda rya fenol) hamwe na - polar (itsinda rya alkyl) ibice muri molekile zabo. Mubisanzwe, uko uburebure bwurunigi rwa alkyl bwiyongera, gukomera mumazi bigabanuka. Dodecylphenol, hamwe numuyoboro muremure wa dodecyl, ntishobora gushonga mumazi ugereranije na - umunyururu ngufi alkylphenol nka octylphenol. Nyamara, bose bakurikiza icyerekezo rusange cyo gukemuka cyane muri - polar cyangwa iringaniye ya polar organique. Uyu mutungo wa solubile ni ingenzi mubikorwa byinganda, nko mugukora ibishishwa, ibikoresho byo kwisiga, hamwe namavuta. Kurugero, mugukora amavuta, ubushobozi bwa alkylphenol gushonga mumavuta {{9} media itangazamakuru ningirakamaro mugukoresha nk'inyongeramusaruro.4-testdfgsdfg
Gushonga no Guteka
Ingingo zo gushonga no guteka za alkylphenol, harimo na dodecylphenol, ziterwa nimpeta ya fenol hamwe numuyoboro wa alkyl. Kuba impeta ya fenol itanga imbaraga zingana hagati ya hydrogène, mugihe urunigi rwa alkyl rugira uruhare mumbaraga za van der Waals. Mugihe uburebure bwurunigi rwa alkyl bwiyongera, imbaraga za der der Waals zirakomera, biganisha ku gushonga no guteka. Dodecylphenol ifite gushonga cyane no guteka ugereranije na - urunigi rwa alkylphenol. Ariko muri rusange, alkylpenol zose zifite aho zishonga kandi zishushe ugereranije na hydrocarbone yoroshye yuburemere busa na molekile, kubera imbaraga zinyongera intermolecular zitangwa nitsinda rya fenol. Uyu mutungo utuma bikwiranye nibisabwa aho hasabwa - ubushyuhe bukabije, nko murwego rwo hejuru - polymers ikora nubushyuhe -.
Imiti ikora
Acide - Ibisubizo shingiro
Alkylphenol, harimo na dodecylphenol, acide nkeya kubera ko hari hydroxyl groupe kuri ringingo ya fenol. Hydrogene atom yo mumatsinda ya hydroxyl irashobora gutangwa imbere yifatizo rikomeye. Acide ya alkylphenol iba ifite intege nke ugereranije na acide karubike ariko irakomeye kuruta iyo alcool. Iyo witwaye hamwe na base ikomeye nka sodium hydroxide, bakora umunyu wa alkylphenolate. Kurugero, dodecylphenol ikora hamwe na hydroxide ya sodium kugirango ikore sodium dodecylphenolate. Iyi aside - reaction yibanze irasa na alkylpenol yose kandi ikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda, nko mubikorwa bya surfactants. Umunyu wa alkylphenolate urashobora gukora nka anionic surfactants, zifite porogaramu zo kumesa, emulisiferi, hamwe nogukoresha amazi.
Ibisubizo
Impeta ya fenol muri alkylphenol irashobora kwanduzwa na electrophilique. Ibisanzwe bisimburwa harimo halogenation, nitration, na sulfonation. Kuri dodecylphenol hamwe nizindi alkylpenol, itsinda rya alkyl kumpeta rirashobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere no kumwanya wo gusimburwa. Itsinda rya alkyl ni electron - itsinda ryitanga, rikora impeta ya fenol yerekeza kuri electrophilique. Muri rusange, gusimburana bibaho cyane cyane kuri ortho na para imyanya ugereranije nitsinda rya hydroxyl. Kurugero, iyo dodecylphenol ihinduwe, amatsinda ya nitro ashobora gutangirwa kuri ortho na para imyanya ya ringingo ya fenol. Ubu buryo bwa reactivite busangiwe na alkylphenol zose kandi ni ingenzi muguhuza inkomoko zitandukanye, zishobora gukoreshwa nkumuhuza mugukora imiti, amarangi, nudukoko twica udukoko.
Inganda
Umusaruro utangaje
Imwe muma progaramu yingenzi ya alkylphenol, harimo na dodecylphenol, iri mubikorwa bya surfactants. Surfactants ni ibice bigabanya ubukana bwubuso hagati yamazi abiri cyangwa hagati yamazi nigikomeye. Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) nicyiciro cya surfactants zitari - ionic zikoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi, gutunganya imyenda, hamwe nubuhinzi. Inzira ya ethoxylation ikubiyemo gukora alkylphenol hamwe na okiside ya Ethylene kugirango ikore APEs. Dodecylphenol - ishingiye kuri APEs ifite ibintu bisa nkibisanzwe biva mubindi alkylpenol, nka octylphenol na nonylphenol. Barashobora kwigana neza amavuta numwanda, bikagira akamaro mugusukura ibicuruzwa. Nyamara, kubera impungenge z’ibidukikije, hagaragaye uburyo bwo gusimbuza alkylphenol - zishingiye ku bindi bintu byangiza ibidukikije.
Inyongeramusaruro
Alkylphenol nayo ikoreshwa nkinyongera muri polymers. Barashobora gukora nka antioxydants, stabilisateur, na plastike. Dodecylphenol hamwe na alkylpenol irashobora gukumira okiside ya polymers ikora hamwe na radicals yubusa ikorwa mugihe cyo gusaza kwa polymers. Ibi bifasha kongera igihe cya serivisi ya polymers, cyane cyane mubisabwa aho polymers ihura nubushyuhe bwinshi, ogisijeni, nimirasire ya UV. Kurugero, mugukora polyolefine, alkylphenol - ishingiye kuri antioxydants yongeweho kugirango iteze imbere ubushyuhe na okiside ya polymers. Uburyo bwibikorwa busa na alkylphenol yose, kandi byose bigira uruhare mukuzamura imikorere nigihe kirekire cya polymers.
Ibidukikije n’ubuzima
Alkylphenol, harimo na dodecylphenol, yazamuye ibibazo by’ibidukikije n’ubuzima. Birazwi ko bidahwema kubungabunga ibidukikije kandi birashobora kwangiza ibinyabuzima. Igikorwa cya estrogeneque ya alkylpenol zimwe na zimwe, nka nonylphenol na octylphenol, cyanditswe neza -. Dodecylphenol yerekana kandi urwego runaka rwa endocrine - guhungabanya ubushobozi, nubwo urugero rushobora gutandukana bitewe nimiterere yarwo na metabolism. Alkylphenol yose ifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mubidukikije binyuze mu gusohora inganda, inganda zitunganya amazi mabi, no gukoresha ibicuruzwa birimo. Iyi myitwarire isanzwe yibidukikije isaba gucunga no kugenzura neza mubikorwa byabo, kubikoresha, no kubijugunya.
Mu gusoza, dodecylphenol isangiye byinshi nizindi alkylpenol mubijyanye nimiterere yimiti, imiterere yumubiri, reaction yimiti, gukoresha inganda, hamwe nibidukikije nubuzima. Ibi bisa bituma bishoboka gukoresha dodecylphenol muri byinshi mubisabwa kimwe nizindi alkylphenol. Nkumuntu utanga dodecylphenol, ndumva akamaro kiyi mitungo kandi niyemeje gutanga ibicuruzwa byiza - byujuje ubuziranenge bwabakiriya bacu. Niba ushishikajwe no kugura dodecylphenol kubyo usaba mu nganda, nyamuneka umpamagara kugirango tuganire kubindi biganiro no kuganira kumasoko.
Reba
- Smith, J. (2015). Ubuhanga bwa Alkylphenol. Isosiyete isohora imiti.
- Johnson, A. (2017). Inganda zikoreshwa muri Alkylphenol. Ikinyamakuru Himiki Yinganda.
- Brown, C. (2019). Ingaruka ku bidukikije ya Alkylphenol. Isubiramo ry'ubumenyi bushingiye ku bidukikije.
